Exploring the Biological Potential of Hydroxyapatite-Doped with Magnesium: Cytotoxicity and Cell Viability Assessment

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a bioceramic material of great interest in the field of tissue engineering and bone regeneration due to its high biocompatibility and bioactivity in the human body. HAp has been doped with different elements including magnesium, strontium, silver, among others. Particularly, magnesium-doped hydroxyapatite (HAp-Mg) appears to have high potential in biomedical applications. Therefore, it is relevant to characterize its biological compatibility and cytotoxicity. In this study, an in vitro model of fibroblasts obtained from chicken embryos was used to evaluate the effect of HAp-Mg on cell viability. HAp doped with 2% magnesium was synthesized using the Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Method. Subsequently, X-ray diffraction analysis was performed to characterize the HAp-Mg samples. Morphological and microstructural characterization of HAp-Mg was carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). To evaluate the effect of HAp-Mg on cell viability, primary cultures of fibroblasts from 10-day-old chicken embryos (ED10) were obtained. The cultures were treated with different concentrations of HAp-Mg (0.1–100 µg/ml) for 24 h. Cell viability and cytotoxicity were then evaluated using MTT and AlamarBlue assays. The results revealed that the tested concentrations of HAp-Mg did not present significant cytotoxic effects. These findings suggest that HAp-Mg has excellent biological compatibility and can be considered as a promising material for biomedical applications.